Syria’s history and Future
The past 54 years Future of Syria, since the 1970s, represent one of the most challenging periods in Syria’s history. Today, there is a glimmer of hope as the oppressive era of the “Nusayris” (later termed “Alawites”) appears to be nearing its end. However, expectations for immediate positive change remain modest.
A Legacy of Division and Conflict
The French colonial rulers strategically empowered minorities in Future of Syria. By 1970, the Nusayris were rebranded as “Alawites” and placed in power. This marked a turning point that sowed discord in the country.
In the present day, while Gaza and Lebanon are under siege, the transformation in Syria doesn’t promise swift resolutions. The West is unlikely to support a Sunni leadership in Syria unless it is liberal or imposed under compelling circumstances. Historically, Western powers have preferred aligning with minorities such as Ismailis, Druze, Alawites, Nusayris, Bahais, or Qadianis, as seen with Mahmoud Abbas, the Baha’i President of Palestine.
The Religious Landscape of Syria
Three significant sects of Batiniyah (esoteric sects) actively operate in Syria:
- Ismailis: Constituting 3% of the population.
- Druze: Making up another 3%.
- Alawite Nusayris: Accounting for 5%.
Together, these groups form just over 10% of Syria’s total population. In contrast, the Sunni Muslim majority (nearly 80%) primarily follows the Hanafi school of thought. Christians account for approximately 10% of the population, while Twelver Shia Muslims are a small minority.
The Nusayris, founded by Muhammad ibn Nusayr al-Namiri, diverged significantly from Islam. They have their own festivals and rituals and are primarily concentrated in the northern coastal regions of Latakia and Tartus. Meanwhile, the Druze reside in southern mountainous areas.
Historical and Political Realities
Salamiyah has historically been a hub for Ismaili Batiniyah activities. Sunni and Shia scholars have long recognized the heretical nature of Nusayri beliefs, with a consensus in 400 AH declaring them outside the fold of Islam. Yet, despite this, Iran and Hezbollah have consistently supported Bashar al-Assad’s regime against Sunnis in Syria.
Iran’s influence extends beyond Syria. In Yemen, it has worked to convert Zaydi Shias into Twelver Shias and armed them against Sunnis. In Syria, Kurds, who constitute 10% of the population, have often been allies to Sunni causes. Prominent historical figures like Salah al-Din Ayyubi and Imam Ibn Taymiyyah were Kurdish.
The Role of Global Powers
Turkey has provided support to Syrian rebels, while the U.S. prefers Syria to remain fragmented and militarily weak, ensuring it poses no threat to Israel’s expansion. Russia, embroiled in Ukraine, is gradually reducing its involvement in Syria despite its deep-rooted investments over the past 50 years. This vacuum is expected to be filled by U.S. and Israeli efforts to strengthen their foothold.
The Gulf states, particularly Saudi Arabia, may offer limited support to Syrians but will likely align with U.S. policies.
What Lies Ahead
While the departure of Bashar al-Assad may bring temporary relief, lasting peace in Syria remains uncertain. The U.S. will likely push for further fragmentation to prevent Syria from becoming a unified Islamic power.
For Muslims, it is essential to focus on unity based on shared values to counter Western hegemony. Despite theological differences between Sunnis and Shias, political alliances on common grounds can play a pivotal role in addressing external challenges.
The Ultimate Battlefield
Syria holds a unique place in Islamic eschatology. It is believed that the Day of Judgment will unfold in Syria, making it the focal point of future global events. As the region braces for more challenges, spiritual and practical preparedness is vital.
